Freshwater sources like rivers provide raw water that contains a lot of pollutants that make it unsafe; it must be eliminated. For this purpose, the waters will undergo a number of treatments needed to make it drinkable. The screening is the first step in a treatment process, which is to retain any large debris such as sticks, plastic bottles and cans (portable water purifiers for survival). To do this, it sets up a grid system, the spacing is about 50 mm. Once the gates are clogged with waste, a scraper rises along grids and knocked down the waste into a skip which, once full, is obviously to landfill.
After undergoing coagulation treatment, the waters will be transferred to another basin where will actually start accretion. Indeed, nothing prevents the gathering of more then neutralized colloids. We must therefore maintain a slow stirring to encourage accretions. It is accelerated by the addition of polymer, that is to say a large molecule formed by the repetition of basic pattern that traps colloidal materials and agglomerated forming large flakes which settle by gravity. This is the "flock".
The waters seeps through the network inside the cylinder and is sent to subsequent treatments, while the material is retained on its surface.
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of purification necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
Stokes' law is valid for spherical particles whose size does not exceed 0.1 mm. As a first approximation, it is applied to any sedimentary particles of small size (sand, silt, clay). One of simplest techniques for settling is static settling for example with a vertical clarifier. Power is supplied from the bottom, the particles sediment and may be recovered at the bottom of cone, while the treated waters is discharged from the top by overflow. The sedimentation rate is unfortunately generally low.
The primary sedimentation uses the force of gravity for removing the solid sediments predominantly inorganic (sand, loam, silt, etc.). It is adopted as pretreatment physical limited to waters with high turbidity (1,000 mg / l) and / or with silica in suspension. In these cases, is inserted upstream of flocculation in order to lighten the load coming.
The first filtration principles were inspired by the natural filtering the waters passing through the different layers of Earth, before reaching the "underground tanks." Unfortunately, this process is far too slow to handle large amounts of waters. Note however that the thus filtered waters is often of excellent quality.
Now filters are used batteries according to treatment suffered by the waters before you get to this stage. For a conventional waters treatment plant, various treatments are: rapid mixing with a coagulant, flocculation, sedimentation. Filtration materials encountered in treatment of drinking waters are numerous.
After undergoing coagulation treatment, the waters will be transferred to another basin where will actually start accretion. Indeed, nothing prevents the gathering of more then neutralized colloids. We must therefore maintain a slow stirring to encourage accretions. It is accelerated by the addition of polymer, that is to say a large molecule formed by the repetition of basic pattern that traps colloidal materials and agglomerated forming large flakes which settle by gravity. This is the "flock".
The waters seeps through the network inside the cylinder and is sent to subsequent treatments, while the material is retained on its surface.
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of purification necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
Stokes' law is valid for spherical particles whose size does not exceed 0.1 mm. As a first approximation, it is applied to any sedimentary particles of small size (sand, silt, clay). One of simplest techniques for settling is static settling for example with a vertical clarifier. Power is supplied from the bottom, the particles sediment and may be recovered at the bottom of cone, while the treated waters is discharged from the top by overflow. The sedimentation rate is unfortunately generally low.
The primary sedimentation uses the force of gravity for removing the solid sediments predominantly inorganic (sand, loam, silt, etc.). It is adopted as pretreatment physical limited to waters with high turbidity (1,000 mg / l) and / or with silica in suspension. In these cases, is inserted upstream of flocculation in order to lighten the load coming.
The first filtration principles were inspired by the natural filtering the waters passing through the different layers of Earth, before reaching the "underground tanks." Unfortunately, this process is far too slow to handle large amounts of waters. Note however that the thus filtered waters is often of excellent quality.
Now filters are used batteries according to treatment suffered by the waters before you get to this stage. For a conventional waters treatment plant, various treatments are: rapid mixing with a coagulant, flocculation, sedimentation. Filtration materials encountered in treatment of drinking waters are numerous.
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